Born: September 26, 1932

Born in Punjab. M.A., (Economics), D.Phil (Oxford), Economic Tripos (1st class honours from University of Cambridge), Educated at Universities of Punjab, Cambridge and Oxford.

An economist turned politician of great stature. Accredited for being the key architect of Indian economic revival, who played important roles as Reserve Bank Governor, Finance Minister and the Prime Minister for India.

Some of the key positions held include: Professor in Punjab University and Delhi School of Economics, Economic Adviser-Ministry of Foreign Trade and Ministry of Finance, Member -Atomic Energy Commission, Secretary-Ministry of Finance, Governor- Reserve Bank of India, Deputy Chairman -Planning Commission , Advisor to Prime Minister on economic affairs, Chairman -University Grants Commission Rajya Sabha Member, Finance Minister of India, Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha., Elected as the Prime Minister of India. Authored several book and articles.